• br Experimental Procedures br Author

  2020-09-01

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Germinal centers (GCs) form in secondary lymphoid organs of vertebrates in response to challenge with T-cell-dependent antigens. After extrafollicular and follicular interactions with cognate antigen and T helper c

• br Are incretins the only mediators of the anti

  2020-09-01

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• Our research has demonstrated that the

  2020-08-31

  

  Our research has demonstrated that the absolute bioavailability of oxymatrine, having a similar structure with OSC, was only 6.79±2.52%. About 50% of OSC was converted to its active metabolite SC in vivo; hence, the absolute bioavailability of OSC was speculated to be poor as well [24]. Understandin

• A factor that complicates the use of human liver cells

  2020-08-31

  

  A factor that complicates the use of human liver thymidine phosphorylase is one of variability, which arises in part because many of the human liver samples available for research show various stages of a variety of disease states (steatosis (fatty liver), cirrhosis, carcinogenesis in adjacent tissu

• Immune Response and Immune Evasion Up to of the

  2020-08-31

  

  Immune Response and Immune Evasion Up to 10% of the host nitric oxide synthase inhibitor are infected with EBV during acute infectious mononucleosis. Most of these cells are effectively cleared by the immune system, but some downregulate viral gene expression and differentiate into safety in the r

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-08-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ubiquitination is an important eukaryotic process that defines the fate of proteins and their functionality. It has multiple roles in cell survival, differentiation and development (Glickman and Ciechanover, 2002). Ubiquitination is usually known as

• br Proteases with special focus on cysteine

  2020-08-31

  

  Proteases with special focus on cysteine proteases Vaccination using cysteine proteases as antigens with special emphasis on DNA-vaccines Concluding remarks In spite of the great potential of DNA vaccines, the technology has not been as revolutionary as expected in higher mammals. In fish,

• Instead of receptor interaction or

  2020-08-31

  

  Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity, we focused on the CPD and autoprocessing. The CPDs from the 2 toxins are highly homologous: each cysteine protease targets an intramolecular substrate and mediates InsP6-induced autoprocessing to release the GTD into host cytosol.40, 41 However, TcdB i

• WRTs AI AI and AI showed the same ST

  2020-08-31

  

  WRTs AI-82/1, AI-9-1 and AI-60 showed the same ST as was published by Dingle et al. in RTS 103, 013 and 097 (Dingle et al., 2011). WRTs 015 and 002 were assigned as WRTs 015-like and 002-like due to slight changes in their CE-ribotyping profiles; however, the ST of WRT 002-like (ST8) was identical t

• A neurotoxic syndrome called Intermediate syndrome has been

  2020-08-31

  

  A neurotoxic syndrome called “Intermediate syndrome” has been described after acute cholinergic crisis, which has been interpreted as the result of pre- and postsynaptic disruptions of neuromuscular transmission (Senanayake and Karalliedde, 1987). Other toxic effects with unknown molecular targets h

• Gliptins have become a part of

  2020-08-31

  

  Gliptins have become a part of various therapeutic regimens to treat type 2 diabetics in recent decades. Gliptins were developed to lower the blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients and have been shown to be effective [4,5]. More than a dozen gliptins have been developed for the treatment of T2DM,

• In view of the hypotensive effect

  2020-08-31

  

  In view of the hypotensive effect of endothelial-specific overexpression of eNOS [17], [19], [28] we correlated skeletal muscle eNOS expression with sBP including data on colony 5 of eNOS-Tg [17] which was used to generate eNOS-Tg/KO (Fig. 4D). We found a highly significant one phase exponential dec

• During the course of enzymatic digestion protein is digested

  2020-08-31

  

  During the course of enzymatic digestion, protein is digested into large peptides and these large peptides are then further digested into small fragments. αs1-Casein f15–39, which contains 25 amino SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain australia residues was the longest iTRAQ-labelled peptide identified in the s

• Orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is a coral reef

  2020-08-28

  

  Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a coral reef fish with a high commercial value in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, in recent years, various outbreaks of viral diseases have affected the grouper aquaculture industry (Wei et al., 2010). Specifically, Singapore grouper iri

• Metaphit Previous studies demonstrated that cPLA

  2020-08-28

  

  Previous studies demonstrated that cPLA2α translocates to the phagosomal membrane during macrophage phagocytosis through mechanisms that, in humans, involve phosphorylation of the enzyme by c-Jun N-terminal kinases and membrane association via the cationic cluster of four lysine residues present at

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