• Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three s

  2021-07-06

  

  Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti

• br Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses

  2021-07-06

  

  Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses Diacylglycerol kinases and cancer Several studies implicate DGKα in tumor progression, but its function is debated, as it might also have roles as a tumor suppressor. Diminished DGKα expression is linked to malignant transformation in epithelia. High

• A number of studies have been

  2021-07-06

  

  A number of studies have been carried out to understand lipid production pathways and to increase TAGs level in higher plants. Overexpression of key tachykinin of the Kennedy pathway until now is by far the most successful strategy to increase TAG lipid content in Brassica napus, Arabidopsis thalia

• We had earlier reported that collagen fibers with intact nat

  2021-07-06

  

  We had earlier reported that collagen fibers with intact native banded structure were occasionally observed in the kinase-deficient, membrane-anchored DDR2 ECD (DDR2/-KD) samples; however, in our DDR1/ECD and DDR2/ECD samples, observation of native banded structure of collagen was far more infrequen

• Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in liver which contai

  2021-07-06

  

  Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in liver, which contains many enzymes to catalyze the transformation of xenobiotic. Usually, cytochrome P-450s (CYP450s) act as the first response for biotransformation of xenobiotic in organisms. CYP450s generally consist of various subfamily enzymes which can

• Phylogenetically three related CXC chemokines are classified

  2021-07-06

  

  Phylogenetically three related CXC chemokines are classified as the possible ligands for the teleost CXCR1 and CXCR2. They are referred to as CXCL8_L1 (CXCL8/IL-8/CXCa), CXCL8_L2 (CXCc) and CXCL8_L3 (Alejo and Tafalla, 2011, Chen et al., 2013, Laing et al., 2002, Laing and Secombes, 2004, Nomiyama e

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion Even thoug

  2021-07-06

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Even though T cell checkpoint inhibitors alone have achieved impressive clinical benefit in some cancers, their application as single agents has had limited efficacy (Hamid et al., 2013; Wolchok et al., 2013). The resistance to immunotherapy is in pa

• It is important to note that CRF

  2021-07-06

  

  It is important to note that CRF1 may be activated during acute stress and early phases of anxiety disorders (Coric et al., 2010, Ising et al., 2007), as well the administration of Astressin 2B into the lateral septum did not have an effect on anxiety-like behavior in low-stress conditions but had a

• A further quandary concerning rediscoveries arises in

  2021-07-06

  

  A further quandary concerning rediscoveries arises in habitats modified and frequented by humans, where rediscovered species may occur through accidental or deliberate introductions (Metcalf et al., 2007) rather than having persisted despite adverse conditions. Confusion regarding origin could evoke

• The interest for lanthanide and actinide complexes appeared

  2021-07-06

  

  The interest for lanthanide and actinide complexes appeared again recently, due to their unique features in the design of Single Molecule Magnets (SMM). Lanthanide SMMs are interesting due to large their intrinsic magnetic anisotropy, but their core 4f orbitals minimally participate in exchange inte

• On the other hand the properties

  2021-07-06

  

  On the other hand, the properties of collagen materials could be efficiently improved by proper chemical modification. The crosslinking agents for collagen generally involve aldehydes (e.g., glutaraldehyde (GA), isocyanates (e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), photoreactive agents, polyepoxy co

• Chk and Chk are functionally redundant

  2021-07-06

  

  Chk1 and Chk2 are functionally redundant protein kinases that respond to checkpoint signals emanating from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family members ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad-3 related). A concerted research effort has revealed many mechanistic

• Spinal cord injury leads to an extensive

  2021-07-06

  

  Spinal cord injury leads to an extensive inflammatory cascade on spinal cord and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines can sensitize neurons, activating signaling pathways that will result in thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity [39]. In this regard, Guo and collaborators (2014) demonstrated

• Sulfasalazine Renal injury by cisplatin has been associated

  2021-07-06

  

  Renal injury by cisplatin has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis (Francescato et al., 2007, Iseri et al., 2007, Kiymaz et al., 2008, Ueki et al., 2012). Specifically, apoptosis is an important mode of cell death in cisplatin nephrotoxicity, and many studies including

• br Patients and Methods Patients

  2021-07-05

  

  Patients and Methods Patients who had been initiated on a DPP-4 inhibitor (see in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.06.002) between April 2012 and June 2017, when the common threshold for dose adjustment for all non-linagliptin DPP-4 inhibitors was a creatinine clearance (CrCl)

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