• The general synthetic routes leading

  2022-03-03

  

  The general synthetic routes, leading to aspartate and 2,3-diaminopropionate analogs, are shown in . As outlined in , aspartic Propidium iodide analogs – were synthesized through standard carbodiimide-mediated coupling between an amine and an appropriately protected aspartic acid. It is worth menti

• Such responses have led to the

  2022-03-03

  

  Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may be glucose intolerant. However, certain species, such as the North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi; note that the species used in this study was previously referred to as Squalus acanthias but a study by Ebert et al. (2010) provided

• MAPK are involved in a large variety of solid

  2022-03-02

  

  MAPK are involved in a large variety of solid and hematolgical neoplasms and, indeed, several components of the MAPK network have already been proposed as targets in cancer therapy, such as p38, JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1/2, RAF, RAS, DUSP1 and ERK5 [11], [12]. Among them, alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK1/2-ER

• br Introduction Ghrelin is a amino acid peptide mainly produ

  2022-03-02

  

  Introduction Ghrelin is a 28-amino c16 peptide mainly produced in the stomach and small intestines with the kidneys, placenta, and pancreas contributing to miniscule amounts of circuiting ghrelin [1]. Ghrelin exists in circulation in two major forms: acyl ghrelin (AG) and desacyl ghrelin (DAG).

• br Summary br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments This s

  2022-03-02

  

  Summary Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This study was supported by Grant No. 2014/13/B/NZ7/02277 from the National Science Centre, Poland. Introduction Progesterone (P) is an anticonvulsant hormone (Backstrom et al., 1984, Herzog, 1995, Herzog, 1999, Frye et al., 2000, Reddy, 2002

• In this study we followed the

  2022-03-02

  

  In this study, we followed the fate of Ag-specific CD8+ T naloxone hydrochloride mg by directly visualizing them using MHC class I tetramers coupled with ovoalubumin (OVA)257–264 following EG.7 inoculation. We also examined the mechanism of apoptosis in exhausted Ag-specific CD8+ T cells during tum

• It was then found that TAZ a YAP holomog binds

  2022-03-02

  

  It was then found that TAZ, a YAP holomog, binds heteromeric SMAD2/3–4 complexes in a TGF-ß-dependent fashion, and is recruited to TGFβ response elements (Varelas et al., 2008). Knockdown experiments identified TAZ as critical for nuclear accumulation of SMAD2/3/4 complexes in response to TGF-ß, and

• br Discovery of GPR A The murine

  2022-03-01

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

• Of the patients that presented a CD dip with no

  2022-03-01

  

  Of the 11 patients that presented a CD4 dip with no cause identified other than HIV-infection, 9 had CD4 counts >200 cells/μL in the next measurement and all experienced the event during the first 24 months of follow-up. Intra-laboratory measurements and individual patient physiologic factors also i

• No other lacZ mutant showed a marked

  2022-03-01

  

  No other lacZ mutant showed a marked difference in mutation rate between fpg and fpg backgrounds (that is, rates were comparable between HS101 and CSH1191, HS102 and CSH1192, etc.). The number of reversion mutants was much higher in HS1194 than in any other fpg strain. The inclusion of the pTRC99a p

• Peripheral injury or disease induced alterations in synaptic

  2022-02-28

  

  Peripheral injury- or disease-induced alterations in synaptic efficacy occur not only at the first synapse made by the primary nociceptive afferents in the spinal dorsal horn but are also operational in several regions processing the sensorimotor as well as emotional-affective components of pain, su

• A significant contribution to the discovery of novel Hh inhi

  2022-02-28

  

  A significant contribution to the discovery of novel Hh inhibitors is given by natural compounds [11,17,22,31,32]. The first Hh inhibitor ever discovered has been Cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid isolated from plants of the Veratrum species [13,33]. Subsequently, many natural compounds belonging to

• Recently several dual GLP GIP receptor agonists have been

  2022-02-28

  

  Recently, several dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists have been developed as a treatment of type II diabetes. These peptides can activate both the GLP-1 and the GIP receptor. Such dual receptor agonists are superior compared to single GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide (Finan et al., 2013). Previously

• dpn br Acknowledgments The research leading to

  2022-02-28

  

  Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 222719 – LIFECYCLE and by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT), through projects PTDC/MAR-BIO/3890/2012 and PEst-C/

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2022-02-28

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin is a multi-functional neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the neuroendocrine system and peripheral tissues of various species. This 29-amino-acid peptide (30 in humans) is proteolytically processed from its precurso

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